Thursday, February 18, 2021

Memo to the American Middle Class on the Harm Inflicted by Biden’s Economic Policies

 

 

Memo to the American Middle Class on the Harm Inflicted by Biden’s Economic Policies

 

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Executive Summary:

 

-Joe Biden’s Executive Orders on the Keystone Pipeline, Leases and Permits for Oil and Natural Gas Fracking on Federal Lands and reentrance into the Paris Climate Accords destroys jobs and increases the costs of energy while doing little to actually help the environment or reverse global warming.  

-Joe Biden’s Executive Orders halting deportations and border wall construction magnify the negative externalities of immigration which are particularly harmful to more vulnerable portions of the US population.  

-Joe Biden’s $1.9 trillion dollar stimulus plan includes wasteful spending that increases deficit spending which will place a long term drag on economic growth.  

-The proposed $15 per hour Federal Minimum wage will destroy over 1.5 Million Jobs and claims it will elevate 900,000 Americans out of poverty are therefore specious.

-Increasing corporate tax rates back up to 35% will cause multinationals to stop investing in the USA, force domestic businesses to close while contributing to an extended period of high unemployment.

-Bipartisan legislative compromise would produce better economic policies that could address Covid-19 relief, the environment, fund government investment in infrastructure while reducing poverty in America.

 

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“If one truly cares about the well-being of humanity, then the best thing one can do is to bolster free societies’ ability to develop prosperity and pursue happiness through a free market by keeping taxes low, regulation light and opportunity abundant.  Leaders do this not through the passage of laws or by raising new taxes but by modeling the way and helping to build a culture of compassionate accountability and personal responsibility.” – Theodore William Johnson

 

President Joe Biden has been busy over the first four weeks of his presidency.  As someone who during his years of service in the Senate was a champion of the Blue Dog wing of the DNC, and someone who ran for president as a self-described moderate, his official economic policies as illustrated by his executive orders, proposed legislative agenda and public statements are alarmingly radical, contrarian to sound economic principal and present a direct threat to the economic well-being of most Americans as his policies likely would reduce the wealth of the citizenry at all tax brackets while increasing poverty rates amongst America’s most vulnerable populations.   Upon assuming office, Joe Biden nearly immediately set about paying back environmental special interest groups that supported his campaign by using executive orders to cancel the Keystone XL Pipeline, freeze leases and pause permits for new oil and gas exploration on federal lands and re-entered the Paris Climate Accords.  By executive order, Joe Biden has already paused construction and the obligation of funds for the Southern Border Wall while ordering a moratorium on deportations regardless of criminal convictions or authentic public safety concerns while making it easier for economic migrants to enter, remain and compete for limited jobs in the US while specious claims of asylum are considered.  Joe Biden has rejected efforts at a smaller and more focused bi-partisan Covid-19 Relief bill instead pushing forward and enacting a massive $1.9 trillion dollar stimulus bill funded almost entirely through new debt that provides direct payments even to wealthy Americans unaffected by the pandemic, student loan relief even to graduates with high paying jobs and bailouts to wealthy States like California and New York.  Included in the $1.9 Trillion Covid-19 Relief/Stimulus Bill is a proposal to increase the Federal Minimum wage to $15/ hour.  In the late stages of Biden’s presidential campaign Biden committed to repealing Trump era tax cuts, meaning his Administration intends to increase Corporate Tax Rates from 21% back up to 35% at the nearest legislative opportunity.  While there may be good intentions behind the Biden Administration’s executive and legislative actions, this populist left wing economic agenda is detached from sound and well proven economic principal and will adversely impact the economy in both the near and long-term, harming the very people President Biden is purported to be helping.  President Joe Biden’s Economic Policies will create short-term asset bubbles, near-term inflation, prolong higher unemployment rates, suppress median income and work force participation, and place a drag on long-term growth while increasing the risk of a severe recession over the next decade.  

 

The Economic Consequences of Biden’s Executive Orders Relating to Global Warming

 

President Joe Biden’s executive orders canceling the Keystone XL Pipeline, freezing leases and pausing permits for new oil and gas exploration on federal lands and re-entry into the Paris Climate Accords have already destroyed high-paying jobs, increased energy costs for American families and undermined US National Security while actually contributing to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions believed to cause global warming.  The cleanest and safest way to transport crude oil is through pipelines.  The purpose of the Keystone Pipeline was to reduce the need for moving Canadian Crude oil by train which bears the risk of lethal explosions in the US communities through which the rail lines traverse and by truck which both carries the risk of lethal explosion and also results in a more significant emission of greenhouse gasses.  The project was projected by Barack Obama’s State Department to create 22,000 high paying jobs and its abrupt termination immediately destroyed more than 10,000 high paying union jobs.  The project brought significant tax revenues to both high-poverty regions of the US and also to Native American Tribal Nations.  While there was significant special interest opposition to this project, careful analytics show that canceling the keystone pipeline does little to reduce greenhouse gasses and may in fact increase greenhouse gasses as a result of increased trucking and pushing global energy production to countries with lower environment standards than USA and Canada.  At a time when unemployment rates are above 6.3% and budget deficits are at an all-time high, canceling the keystone project while already underway is completely nonsensical and produces devastating economic harm on the families and communities for whom the Keystone XL pipeline was an economic lifeline.   Unemployment checks or specious promises of yet to be created green jobs are a boot to the face of the affected American workers and families who may have already relocated for this work, committed themselves to leases or mortgages and whose children may already be settled into new schools. This disruption will not only harm these families economically but also carry serious health consequences.

One of the great recent accomplishments of America’s scientists, engineers, entrepreneurs and workers was the massive domestic energy production unleashed by new fracking technologies.  The boom in US natural gas provides America with a less expensive, cleaner form of energy that lower household expenses, reduces our nation’s greenhouse gas emissions while opening a geo-strategic opportunity to liberate Europe from its dependence on Russian natural gas currently holding hundreds of millions of people living in allied NATO countries hostage to Russian control of this vital energy source.  US oil production and exportation provides US foreign policy practitioners flexibility as we reduce our reliance on oil from the Middle East and North Africa, pushing down the costs of both energy and transportation for Americans while environmentally cleaning the world’s oil supply.  The lower energy costs spur economic growth, while the production creates both wealth and jobs that provides severely needed tax revenues which can be invested in infrastructure, education, public health, public safety and defense.  Much of the oil and natural gas reserves ripe for extraction via these new technologies exist beneath the 640 million acres of federally controlled land or water.   Biden’s executive order effectively halts this extraction, robbing our democratic republic of the benefits which include high paying jobs, energy independence, wealth creation, lower energy costs and badly needed tax revenues often benefiting regions of America with above average rates of poverty to build a more prosperous future.  With Oil and Natural gas supporting 9.8 million US jobs or 5.6% of US total employment[i] and projected to contribute an increasing number of jobs over the next 5 years, Biden’s executive orders present sweeping economic damage and undermine incentives for degrees in STEM education.  Previously struggling regions like North Dakota for example, which has the nation’s lowest unemployment rate and fast-growing income as a result of the fracking boom, now have uncertain futures. 

Re-entry into the Paris Treaty Accords further imperils the US economy and was unnecessary since America is leading the world by example, surpassing the expectations set by the Paris Treaty Accords in terms of reductions in greenhouse gas emissions largely because of natural gas’s growing market share in US energy production.  The treaty fails to hold culprits like China, who emitted nearly twice as much C02 gas as the US and built three times as many coal power plants in 2020 as the rest of the world combined, accountable while requiring US taxpayers to subsidize this adversarial governments' nascent clean energy industries[ii].  Worse still, the treaty and declaration of a climate crisis create the pretext for devastating regulations that will suffocate US Oil and Gas industries along with the jobs and wealth they create, with an analysis by the US Chamber of Commerce suggesting it would destroy $250 billion dollars in GDP and around 2.7 million jobs![iii]  These regulations will harm all Americans but hit America’s most economically vulnerable hardest with Joe Biden’s proposed fracking ban for example, projected to consume 6.8% of the bottom quintile’s income[iv].  Americans have a moral obligation for environmental stewardship, but Biden’s actions risk contributing to a poverty epidemic while doing little at all, indeed the Paris Climate Accords allow China to continue increasing C02 emissions until 2030, and quite possibly worsening the dangers of human contributions to climate change as global energy productions is forced out of USA where environmental standards are high to regions of the world where environmental standards are low and auxiliary perils such as human rights abuses, arms build ups and terrorism may be funded.  While policy makers should certainly be mindful of humanity’s environmental impact, the manner in which special interests have framed the debate around environmental policy is undermining better policy.  In truth, Natural Gas is the fastest growing source of energy in the USA and it's much cleaner than either oil or coal and cheaper than solar, wind or nuclear.  As natural gas has increased its market share, greenhouse gas emissions have gone down.  While wind power is even cleaner in terms of greenhouse gasses, it still carries significant and arguably worse environment harm, mainly to vulnerable majestic north American bird populations such as falcons, eagles and hawks butchered by the thousands with anywhere from 140,000 to 500,000 birds in turbine collisions each year[v] and through the deforestation created by the logging of Balsa wood used to produce the turbines[vi].  Both solar and wind are very unreliable sources of energy as weather changes halt energy production, often at the times when energy demand is highest.  To satisfy current energy demands, land use requirements would be extreme compared to natural carbon energies and bear serious harm to sensitive ecological habitats.  The materials for solar still involve harmful mining and the batteries to store both forms of renewable energy bring significant ecological perils as exemplified by Bolivian lithium mining.  Solar Panels only last about 25 years, and there is no plan on how to manage the waste created by these panels when they exceed their useful life.  Even with extensive subsidies, the relatively high costs attached to producing energy from solar power lead at best to ultrathin profit margins (or more commonly business losses) providing for only a limited number of relatively lower paying jobs while increased subsidies increase deadweight losses.  The high-quality jobs lost by canceling the Keystone Pipeline and severe restrictions on the extraction of oil and natural gas on federal lands cannot be efficiently replaced by either renewable energy or federal spending.  According to Zip Recruiter, an oil rig worker, for example, on average earns nearly $100,000 per year while a solar panel technician make less than $44,000 per year on average.  

 

The Economic Consequences of Biden’s Executive Orders Relating to Immigration

       

Joe Biden’s open border policies have the potential to harm vulnerable American families by increasing housing costs, increasing competition for limited job openings, driving down wages, restricting access to healthcare, overcrowding classrooms while stressing both infrastructure and natural resources.   While the USA has benefited from immigration and should continue to benefit from a well thought out immigration policy supply demand curves don’t lie and real harm is created for many American families by open border policies that allow for unfiltered immigration.  As the US population increases, demand increases for housing, jobs, healthcare, education and resources.  Immigration increases the population.  The increased demand for housing resulting from immigration drives up housing prices.  This is why in my San Jose zip code (95134) where more than 50% of the population are immigrants, a one-bedroom apartment homes start at prices above $2100/month and frequently exceed $2700/month.  When the Covid-19 pandemic largely froze immigration, rental prices collapsed by more than 20% when the 8% reduction in rent and two-month free concessions were combined.  While a wide range of persons who either work or are invested in real estate may benefit from these increases in pricing, many Americans have been dislocated by the rapid increases in housing prices that resulted from mass immigration to cities like San Jose, CA.  Many, if not the majority of my peers have moved out of the Bay Area either to the Sacramento area, Southern California or out of state where housing prices are lower.   While some have left the Bay Area by choice to pursue new opportunities, in my lifetime, hundreds of thousands and likely millions of persons born the Bay Area were forced to leave the Bay Area because of rapid increases in housing costs and other expenses which without the factor of mass immigration simply would not have happened. The dislocation created by skyrocketing housing prices has disproportionately impacted black families who have seen their percentage of Santa Clara County’s population continue to decline.  One of the primary reasons that lower skilled Americans with lower levels of education have struggled so much in America over the past 30 years has been intense competition for limited jobs with recent immigrants.  This reality is particularly harmful to minority communities, who historically have not had as much access to higher education or pathways to a mercantile class that has benefited from lower labor costs provided by the increased labor supply of mass immigration.   Often overlooked is the reality, that even college educated Americans struggle to compete for jobs at a major tech firms with foreign workers from nation’s like China and India where national education policy guided them into an education developed to target these jobs.  While US workers could be trained to fill these jobs, the training would require investment from big tech companies and upon completion of training, would likely require higher compensation to retain and so permissive immigration policies have allowed big techs to instead import foreign labor either as employs or as contacted “consultants.”  While tough for those Americans looking for jobs in big tech, but too be fair there has been significant economic gains from facilitating the migration of high skilled workers to fill these jobs, there is need improve labor regulations and tighten enforcement to prevent exploitation of legal loopholes so that we to be sure these tech companies are hiring qualified US applicants before they turn to foreign labor. 

        When immigration is unfiltered, economic migrants tend to come in mass from poor regions of the world with weak or broken states where access to higher education and even high school level education is very restricted.  These immigrants are unlikely to have the prerequisite education or grasp of the biological sciences to proportionally work in the medical fields, reducing the proportion of qualified doctors and nurses to the population.  For the US citizenry, this means longer waits for medical care and treatments which can devastate health outcomes as treatable fatal illness go undiagnosed until it is too late.  Paying for the medical care of poor immigrants diverts limited resources away from vulnerable American families who could have benefited from the financial support for medical care.  More immigrants have chosen to move to California than any other state and the lack of English language skills among these immigrants along with higher student to teacher ratios have lead to a deterioration in the quality of California’s elementary, middle and high school public education, which now ranks 38th among the 50 states despite more funding per head and a top ranked public university system.  Larger class sizes have a huge role, but the sad statistical truth is that English learners create the greatest drag on educational progress that is highly predictive of future criminality and welfare dependence.   Unfiltered immigration pushes up student to teacher ratios and swells the percentage of students who speak English as a second language who are more likely to struggle to keep pace with educational goals and often slow down the pace of learning for the entire class.  

More immigration also means more people in cars, driving from place to place which contributes to greater amounts of traffic, problems that plague the cities with disproportionate amounts of immigration.  This increased traffic congestion not only causes pollution, it also forces families to be apart for longer and together less.   California is already facing severe water shortages which imposes harsh costs on Californian families and farmers. In San Jose, CA for example, rates for water have increased by 60% since 2015 and under a new proposal would increase an additional 30% over the next four years[vii]. Imbalances between supply and demand are at root in these rate increases and immigration has had a significant contribution to this demand imbalance.  Immigration has overpopulated California and has been the most significant driver of water shortages. 

There are many benefits to immigration including faster GDP growth and labor supply, not to mention the extensive individual contributions of many immigrants to our State and Republic.  We are indeed an immigrant nation and my purpose is certainly not to stoke anti-immigrant sentiment, rather to point out the very real negative externalities of unfiltered immigration and illustrate the importance of taking them into account as immigration policies are formulated and enforced to benefit the US economy at large while protecting vulnerable American families from acute economic harm.  Trump’s rhetoric may have been counter-productive to this discourse and while immigrants on the whole are actually less likely to engage in crime than natural born citizens and asylum recipients less likely to engage in acts of terror, it is important to recognize the extreme violence and public harm that has been perpetrated by the drug cartels who prosper from human and drug smuggling facilitated by open border policies and the very real danger of terrorists seeking to exploit open borders and weak immigration law enforcement to forge terrorist attacks on the US Homeland.  Biden’s immigration related executive orders protect convicted criminals from deportation and leave vast swaths of our border open to drug and human smugglers. These orders are immoral because they will lead to tens of thousands of American families falling victim to violence, crime (including human and drug smuggling) and drug deaths.  Biden’s immigration policies will also likely lead to continued dislocation of generational Bay Area families and both higher rates of unemployment and lower wages for low skilled American workers which will create particularly intense harm on black communities. Drug deaths, addiction and crime also result in serious economic harm as families are robbed of wage earners, labor productivity declines and consumer confidence undermined.  

The Economic Dangers Presented by the DNC 1.9 Trillion Covid-19 Stimulus Plan

           Instead of focusing on ending arbitrary lockdowns and reopening the US economy, allowing for organic wealth and job creation that would drive up median wages, the Biden administration has pushed massive, unnecessary, un-targeted stimulus spending that drives up deficits that will create a drag on future growth by diverting revenues towards the costs of servicing debt and also will create dangerous pricing bubbles and market distortions that will lead to inflation and risk as opposed to encouraging the productivity that generates real wealth as better crafted stimulus would do.  The USA is still recovering from the Covid 19 pandemic and a severe recession and there should be relief for those families and businesses that have been most severely harmed.  However, the recession is artificial, and thanks to the strong economic foundation of low taxes and lean regulation, recovery would be imminent if lockdowns were ended and our schools reopened.  When you compare health outcomes in areas like Florida and Texas where lockdowns measures were more limited to states like New York and California where lockdowns were extensive, the economic harm of the strict lockdowns remains empirically unjustified as they failed to reduce the spread of Covid-19 with any quantifiable significance compared to social distancing, hand washing, self-quarantining and mask usage (when social distancing is not possible or difficult).  Even as businesses reopen, many parents have been unable to return to work since schools are closed and they need to stay home to help their children with distant learning.  The costs of making our schools and businesses safe and financial assistance to persons facing continued unemployment is not 1.9 trillion dollars.

         Only $825 Billion of the $1.9 Trillion is actually spent on Covid related provisions[viii]. Borrowing money to make direct payments to fully employed persons or families with comfortable earnings is unnecessary and while it may spur short-term consumer spending there is sparse data suggesting this stimulus is either necessary at this point in time or the most efficient form of stimulus since many of these families will save the money, pay down debts or invest it in speculative bubbles like GameStop shares or crypto currencies.  There is not enough money going towards compensating the harm inflicted by governments during the pandemic on small landlords or family-owned restaurants by eviction moratoriums and capricious lock-down orders.  Overall, the liquidity pumped into the market throughout the pandemic has certainly wrought benefits as our stock markets are at historic highs, unemployment is already down to 6.3% and the unemployed enjoyed more generous unemployment benefits than they would have normally received alleviating the financial pain created by health policies they did not choose to enact. There is, however, a genuine incentive problem created by these generous unemployment benefits: they discourage the unemployed from returning to work even as job opportunities open.  Even more concerning is how detached market capitalizations are from an important driver of actual value: productivity.  The benefit from stimulus spending diminishes when unfocused and excessive and as deficits grow and inflation accelerate, the costs begin to be magnified which when paired with dangerous asset bubbles begin to imperil prosperity with potentially catastrophic systemic dangers.  The evidence for this is best exemplified by the recession of 1937-1938 which resulted from the costs of servicing the debts attached to FDR’s New Deal spending during the Great Depression.   Furthermore, it is an injustice, that less wealthy states who did not enjoy the privilege of shelter in place or stay at home orders are now being asked to provide bailouts to wealthy states like California and New York who should instead be held accountable for years of reckless spending and the consequences of state government policy decisions.  It is well established that the costs of servicing debt accrued from deficit spending diverts tax revenues away from productive government investment in its populace which often places a drag or slows future GDP growth, which in turn further reduce tax revenues available for productive investments in education, infrastructure or defense.   To cope with servicing these debts, governments often print more money to deflate the costs of the debt but also leading to inflation that punishes savers and challenges economically vulnerable families.   Also, governments tend to keep borrowing rates artificially low to manage the costs servicing these debts which disincentivizes savings making American families more vulnerable when the next pandemic, disaster or economic crises arises.  While stimulus spending will push stock markets up and function as economic painkillers to many Americans enduring the economic harm of the pandemic, the damage will undoubtedly catch up with American families in the long-term and burden our posterity with real and significant costs including higher inflation, significant debt servicing costs, slower GDP growth and very possibly recession, depression and/or even national insolvency.  

 

The Potential Economic Harm that would result from a $15 Federal Minimum Wage

 

          President Joe Biden’s 1.9 trillion dollar stimulus plan also, at least in some versions, includes passage of a nation-wide $15 minimum wage which is projected to destroy 1.5 million jobs, undermine job creation, further business closures, drive up costs across the board while actually inflicting economic harm on many workers and could actually expand poverty rates.  Minimum wage laws are decent inventions and when unemployment is already low and GDP growth robust, they can push up standards of living while simultaneously increasing tax revenues without imposing significant harm to businesses.  When unemployment is high and many small business owners are already struggling to recover from either the serious economic harm of the pandemic, still paying for investments to improve the safety of their workers and customers or damages and lost inventory from riots or other crime, the costs of an artificially high minimum wage in many cases will make it impossible to continue to operate profitably and cause employers to exit the market while others will cope with the added hourly labor costs by either operating with a smaller staff or by reducing hours, or alternatively by increasing prices paid by customers.  $15 is over 31,000 per year on a 40 hour work week, and excessive in many parts of America, particularly for low skilled jobs often manned by teenagers still living with their parents and in college or by members of households where they are only secondary wage earners.  Markets are more effective at finding fair labor rates with minimum wage rates better optimized at local levels of government that can consider local costs of living and employment rates in their policy formation.  There is no science or sense behind a national minimum wage of $15, it is merely a number of art that sounds good to voters who make less than that.  The reality is that many jobs will be destroyed by such a high minimum wage and other poor workers will see a decline in their total earnings if their hours are reduced to manage the costs of the wage increase.  A $15 minimum wage would disincentivize both productivity and investment in education leading to a less productive and lower skilled workforce.  Most importantly, opportunities for employment and career growth will be closed.  For example, when I first took a job as a leasing consultant on a temporary basis, I was only paid $12 an hour but it allowed me to get my food in the door and the experience on my resume.  Now, for essentially that exact same job I earn well over $100,000 per year and my employer helped pay for my MBA degree and provides a significant discount on my apartment.  The implementation of a $15 minimum wage would also accelerate the adoption of automation and AI which will further harm the employment prospects of low skilled workers.  It would also likely encourage outsourcing of a wide range of lower skilled jobs from manufacturing to customer support.   Periodic increases in the minimum wage are fine, but it should happen only when unemployment is low and be based on measurable increases in the cost of living.  The $15 federal minimum wage as proposed is a really bad economic policy that will result in business closures, higher costs for American families and an extended period of high unemployment. 

 

The Economic Harm of Raising Tax Revenues Increasing Corporate Tax Rates from 15% to 35%

 

           While footing the bill for pandemic relief and fiscal stimulus is unlikely to be paid for with offsetting spending cuts to future budgets set by a Congress that perennially runs deficits and already incurred over $27 trillion dollars in debts that cost more than $385 billion dollars to service annually, increasing corporate tax rates from 21% back up to 35% at a time of high unemployment would be a particularly harmful way of pursuing increased government revenues that would slow economic recovery and growth, extend periods of high unemployment, push multi-nationals to restructure investment and job creation outside of USA while forcing an increased number of business bankruptcies which could harm credit markets and threaten the solvency of institutional lenders.  When the Trump Administration dropped taxes to 21% they did so knowing that it would stimulate significant job creation, GDP growth and wage growth as supply side economic policies had for the Kennedy (and then Johnson) and Reagan Administrations.  For the multinational corporations, they often choose where to invest and build based on corporate tax rates so when US corporate tax rates are higher than other nations, international conglomerates build new offices, invest in new equipment and create new manufacturing plants through their subsidiary corporations in the countries where the corporate taxes are lower and as a result the US government doesn’t capture any of the tax revenues, enjoy any of the job growth or the benefits of investment that may benefit an entire ecosystem of domestic businesses from construction workers to equipment supplies.   The low corporate tax rates in the Arab Emirates (0%) is largely why this nation has enjoyed a fast growing economy and become one of the wealthiest nations per capita in the history of humanity.  Tax rates in Germany are only 15% and most of western Europe were well below the rates of the USA.  At a 35% corporate tax rate, the USA was not competitive with low corporate tax nations and so multi-nations were dissuaded from expanding in the USA which was costing America investment, job creation and tax revenues.  The second reason the Trump Administration cut corporate taxes, had to do with what corporations already operating in America, many of them small businesses owned and operated by middle class American families, would do if they could keep 14% more of their profits: they would spend it on business growth that would create jobs, push up wages and drive GDP growth.   Whether a company spent that added 14% of profits (provided by the 14% corporate tax cut) on hiring new employees, offering pay raises to retain top performers, building new office space, investing in new equipment, hiring researchers for the development of new products or increasing marketing budgets, all of these purposes provide greater GDP growth and productivity gains then government spending would.  Shortly after the tax cuts came into effect both unemployment rates and poverty rates dropped to the lowest levels they had been in over 50 years.  Unless you are an economics denier you need to recognize the corporate tax rate cuts contributed significantly to these positive outcomes.  These corporate tax cuts; however, did not create enough growth to immediately make up for the lost tax revenues, meaning that while the corporate tax rate cuts reduced poverty by creating jobs and wage growth in the short term, they did expand budgetary deficits as they were not paired with spending cuts.   Even prior to the Covid-19 pandemic, US Federal government was spending 8 times as much as Germany each year, and to compare scale, US Federal Government spends 20% of its GDP, compared to the German government which only spends 13% of its GDP[ix], so clearly USA could cut spending if it found the political wherewithal to do so but so long as the DNC controls both houses and the presidency this is very unlikely to occur.  

Joe Biden committed to repealing Trump era tax cuts at the nearest opportunity despite the pandemic and resulting recession.   Even if the Trump Administration overshot with their tax cuts, increasing corporate taxes back up to 35% now, in a time of high unemployment when many of these corporations are restaurants and businesses that have been forced closed by lockdowns and are struggling to remain solvent, would certainly accelerate the number of corporations declaring bankruptcy and/or exiting the market, destroying jobs in the process.  This could hit credit markets hard but will be softened by ample liquidity and higher cash reserves in place after the last recession.  The transnationals will limit investment and expansion in the USA to what is necessary and more manufacturing jobs will be outsourced with national security implications.  The small businesses that are the great job creators, wealth creators and drivers of US GDP growth will not be able to expand or hire new workers as they were doing after the tax cuts were put into place and there would be a very distinct risk of recession and potentially even depression if tax increases force corporations to freeze hiring and investment.  At minimum, unemployment rates would remain high for an extended period of time while median wages would either drop or fail to grow as quickly as during the first three years of the Trump Administration since labor would be in higher supply and lower demand.  An immediate repeal of Trump’s Corporate Tax cuts would capriciously punish small business, prolong periods of high unemployment and potentially bear significant economic harm to America’s Middle Class and workers as domestic business are forced to close and multinational corporations elect to expand in nations offering more enticing tax and regulatory environments. 

 

Better Solutions and Economic Policy Would be Developed through Bi-Partisan Compromise

 

     The purpose of this analysis is to explore economic ramifications of Biden’s executive orders and legislative agenda narrowly.  The government should develop policies that help preserve a clean environment while fostering the growth of the middle class while pulling the poor out of poverty.   President Joe Biden’s policies; however, are contrary to these goals.  The ecosystem is delicate and the threats to our environment presented by a large and growing human population significant.  Global warming is but one aspect of environmentalism and one such threat of which in my opinion there is an over focus upon. The science does pretty clearly establish that the earth has warmed since the Industrial Revolution and that there is a correlation between carbon in the atmosphere and global temperatures that predates humanity.   Climate alarmists; however, tend to omit the reality that our temperatures today are well within the normal climate vacillations between naturally occurring ice ages and warming periods.  The earth was likely slightly warmer than it is today at the peak of the Roman Empire and significantly warmer than it is today 10,000 years ago.   Indeed, a period of global cooling contributed to the collapse of the Roman Empire and subsequent “dark ages” as Slavic, Nordic and German tribes facing colder winters and lower crop yields turned towards raiding wealthier peoples residing in warmer southern regions such as the Italian Peninsula.  While human activity and the release of greenhouse gasses has contributed to global warming, at least part of the warming was naturally occurring and while scientists can model and estimate, it is not possible to resolutely determine how much warming is the result of man and how much the result of nature.  Furthermore, it is difficult to determine how much global warming is actually the result of carbon, a very small molecule that is a very small percentage of our atmosphere compared to other greenhouse gasses (including water vapor) or waste products which correlate with the release of carbon (such as particulates) and may actually be the cause of the warming.  Finally, there really has not been any significant public discourse about whether or not warming is actually bad for humanity, since with a fast-growing population moderate global warming expands the habitable zone and overall allows for greater agricultural production to feed this growing population.   Historically, humanity has flourished and civilization peaks in times of warming while humanity suffers and civilization recesses in times of cooling.  When democratic politicians speak of the needs to take expensive and drastic actions to abate climate change they use a lot of sales language, such as “creating a sense of urgency,” scare tactics and appeals to science they don’t seem to fully understand, while taking significant campaign contributions from special interest lobbying groups, investing in companies or accepting high paying board seats at corporations who would benefit from green government subsidies or the elimination of carbon fuel competitors.  If these politicians were genuine in their concerns about climate change, they would avoid these obvious conflicts of interest and neither buy beach front properties nor continue galavanting around the world in private jets and SUV motorcades.  If the crisis is as the Biden Administration presents it, then clearly ramping up US natural gas production and its export provides a bridge to a cleaner world.   US Policy makers should instead help US natural gas continue to gain market share from dirtier forms of carbon energy both domestically and abroad by leasing federal lands and granting more permits for its extraction.  Legislatively, the Congress could earmark oil and gas tax revenue for investment in next generation nuclear and fusion technologies that both use smaller and less dangerous reactors, and also continue to extract energy from what was once nuclear waste without omitting any carbon for greenhouse gasses.  Unlike Wind or Solar, nuclear power, as proven by nations like France, has the potential to both consistently meet US energy needs and do so without producing greenhouse gasses while producing high paying jobs which incentivize pursuing education in the most complex and difficult sciences which will bear entrepreneurial dividends in a wide range of industries. Sadly, the President has charted a course of economic carnage, where jobs are destroyed, transportation and energy costs spiked and opportunities to generate both wealth and tax revenues squandered.  As oil prices rise, the costs of commuting, distributing goods (including food) and heating homes all go up which harm poor families in fragile economic situations.  It should have been the President’s moral imperative to prevent this harm, but instead he chose to pay back political support from special interest groups to the detriment of American families and workers.   As far as re-entering the Paris Climate Accords, the US instead should bilaterally negotiate integrative trade and aid deals to incentivize other countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.  By doing this, the USA could do more to lower greenhouse gasses since unlike the Paris Climate Accords, we could hold countries accountable when they fail to meet targets by pulling back aid or imposing tariffs.  

            The US economy would benefit from a well thought out immigration policy that addresses labor shortfalls and recruits the best and brightest from around the world.  Unfortunately, Biden has elected to open the border which inflicts economic harm on vulnerable American families and facilitates a range of moral hazards including sex and drug trafficking.  President Biden should instead pursue bi-partisan legislation that improves border security while establishing data driven criteria under which a multi-agency commission between the labor and homeland security departments monitors labor shortfalls and then provides visas to address them, increasing the number of visas in times of low unemployment and significantly reducing them in times of high unemployment.  By cracking down on asylum fraud and reinstating Trump Administration asylum policies that required Latin-American asylum claims to be filed at US Embassies outside of the USA, the US can unclog our asylum courts and instead prioritize legitimate and more pressing asylum needs.  Restoring credibility in our asylum system would help increase public support and allow for America to provide asylum to more people in the greatest need.  The border wall was a worthwhile infrastructure project that both created jobs and forced transnational criminal organizations to attempt to transit drugs and people through DHS monitored border crossings where detection and interdiction is significantly more likely than in vast swaths of open and unprotected border lands.  With the perils of the modern word and threats to our nation, nobody should be able to enter the USA without providing adequate documentation, being run through criminal and terrorist databases or submitting to pertinent health screenings.   

Instead of pushing a bloated 1.9 trillion dollar Covid-19 stimulus bill with bailouts for blue states and an ideological wage increase agenda, Joe Biden should pursue bipartisan support for a focused relief bill that helps small businesses and landowners impacted by lockdowns and eviction moratoriums, provides continued support for those who lost their jobs during the pandemic, accelerates vaccinations and supports the reopening of our schools and economy.  The money for direct stimulus payments should instead be used to invest in infrastructure projects that will bring about real returns.  Expanding the 5G and broadband networks, modernizing our energy grid, building nuclear power plants, improving our harbors and ports, establishing liquified natural gas export capacity, fortifying our southern border and improving our bridges and freeways all stimulate robust economic growth while improving our safety.   

While tough cuts should be made in our federal budget by narrowing the scope of the Federal government and devolving responsibilities to state and local governments where services can be better tailored to community needs and provided more efficiently, cutting spending may not be enough to balance the budget and get our nation’s fiscal house back in order.  Fostering investment, economic growth, job creation and improved productivity will increase revenues but Congress will likely need to do more to pay down the debts incurred as the result of the Covid-19 pandemic.   It would be well justified for the Federal government to consider selling a number of assets and lands to raise revenues.  Increasing fees and revenues for leases and permits related to oil and gas or other mining or lumber operations would also provide significant sources of revenues.  Currently, large multinationals pay too little to sponsor foreign visas and these fees should be increased.  If after these revenue increases there is still need to raise additional revenues, a value added tax on imports would be superior to corporate tax rate increases which unlike the corporate tax rate increase, would raise revenues while encouraging multi-nationals to invest in the domestic production of goods and provision of services.  There are opportunities for bipartisan compromises that would help make America safer and wealthier, but thus far President Joe Biden has decided to pursue a radical economic agenda to pay back political support from the Bernie Bros, AOC’s fan-club and Special Interest groups for their support when he should be listening to the eternal wisdom of Bill Clinton’s successful 92’ Presidential Campaign: “It’s the Economy, Stupid.”  

         

 



[i] Api. (n.d.). Retrieved March 11, 2021, from http://www.api.org/

[ii] Board, T. (2021, February 21). Opinion | WHY Beijing LOVES Biden and Paris. Retrieved March 11, 2021, from https://www.wsj.com/articles/why-beijing-loves-biden-and-paris-11613937344

[iii] Board, T. (2021, February 21). Opinion | WHY Beijing LOVES Biden and Paris. Retrieved March 11, 2021, from https://www.wsj.com/articles/why-beijing-loves-biden-and-paris-11613937344

[iv] Mulligan, C. (2020, September 16). Opinion | the real cost of Biden's plans. Retrieved March 11, 2021, from https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-real-cost-of-bidens-plans-11600296958

[v] Wind turbines. (n.d.). Retrieved March 11, 2021, from https://www.fws.gov/birds/bird-enthusiasts/threats-to-birds/collisions/wind-turbines.php

[vi] The wind-power boom set off a scramble for balsa wood in Ecuador. (n.d.). Retrieved March 11, 2021, from https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2021/01/30/the-wind-power-boom-set-off-a-scramble-for-balsa-wood-in-ecuador

[vii] Angst, M. (2021, February 15). 'This is outrageous': Residents PROTEST big rate increases from San JOSE Water. Retrieved March 11, 2021, from https://www.mercurynews.com/2021/02/13/this-is-outrageous-residents-protest-big-rate-increases-from-san-jose-water-company/).

[viii] Board, T. (2021, February 21). Opinion | the non-covid spending blowout. Retrieved March 11, 2021, from https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-non-covid-spending-blowout-11613937485

[ix] Compare federal spending to other Countries: U.S. Treasury Data Lab. (n.d.). Retrieved March 11, 2021, from https://datalab.usaspending.gov/americas-finance-guide/spending/country-comparison/

 

         

Wednesday, November 21, 2018

The Energy Sector of 2038


The Energy Sector of 2038
10/17/2018
Jessie Lai, Thuy Phi Le, Megan Lorenzen, Geof Cleveland, Theo Johnson
The largest challenge for the energy sector over the next 20 years will be managing disruption and finding the resources to build a new smart grid.  As new business models invert the relationship between energy producer, energy consumer, energy storage, the grid and utility company, both economic and political pressure will mount and governments at all levels and a federally supported framework for energy policy will successfully facilitate private/public partnerships that invest, develop, build and complete a new, smarter grid than ever before that facilitates an energy revolution by serving as a smart platform for a cleaner, more affordable, more profitable, more efficient and more resilient energy sector. It will be the success of sneaky business models that tip-toe around the dinosaurs of the energy industry and emerge and successfully transform the energy industry.
In five years, distributed renewable energy and storage will have percolated throughout the energy system, accounting for a majority share of energy production. In twenty years, we will see that trend continue until the grid is comprised primarily of variable renewables, balanced through an advanced grid and fully integrated battery technology.  Renewables will move beyond clunky rooftop or ground mounted panels. Solar, wind and low impact hydro technology will be built into the very fabric of our society. Road and roofs will double as solar panels, skyscrapers will leverage wind tunnels effect with micro turbines, and water systems will be populated with micro turbines to generate electricity from water flow. Energy storage will shift from lithium-ion battery to a more effective form of storage which overcomes the current limitations of physical transfer capabilities and charge times. Batteries of the future will also take many shapes and sizes. They will be both stationary units (in-house and around the grid) as well as mobile units like electric vehicles or personal electronic devices which can receive power (charge) or push power back to the grid at a moments notice.
To seamlessly integrate all of this advanced technology, a fully integrated smart grid with interconnected grid regions is absolutely essential. The smart grid of the future will be more versatile than any micro grid that exists today, able to handle an inconsistent and variable flow of electricity. The grid will also need to leverage AI and predictive technology to send signals to participants - not customers - throughout the value chain when excess energy is needed or is available for consumption. Everyone will have smart technology in their home that seamlessly communicates with the Grid AI. When the Grid AI dictates a need to buy, sell or consume energy, it will communicate to all the AIs within individual participant’s systems to automatically dictate how resources will respond to market need. Customized preferences will allow the grid to interact with those various systems without the market participant having to take proactive steps. Grid AI will eliminate many of the inefficiencies of the historic utility system by understanding where energy is being used, optimize delivery of supply, eliminate excess energy and increase the efficient distribution of storage resources.
One of the biggest changes this future of energy will bring is that each entity connected to the grid to be an active market participant - both a consumer and a producer. Participants will carry greater freedom and play a larger role in the energy sector than ever before. As this transition takes place, so too will the shift of who captures the value in the market. The energy sector of the future will boast never before seen levels of customization, performance (resiliency) and costs (efficiency). And, as fundamental market participants, residents and businesses will capture an increased portion of the value generated in the market.   
As part of this grid modernization, utility companies will no longer monopolize the market. The future grid platform will establish monetary exchanges that efficiently match energy producers, users and storers into mutually beneficial relationships, in turn encouraging wider adoption and opportunities for businesses to cash in on the energy revolution.  This energy sector revolution will also bring about affiliated benefits including national security, law enforcement and emergency management. It is very likely that In the event of a natural disaster, the grid will automatically shut off to protect you and your family from any energy accident such as arc-flash and auto-turn-on once the disaster passed. Your electronics, car or smart homes will never be out of energy – auto-charging through the grid. The available energy from grids will also be used to aid in natural disasters domestically or internationally with the ability to sell globally to countries with energy deficits.

By 2038, the entire nation will be plugged into the Great American Electric Grid. This fully integrated system will be able to withstand natural disasters, cyber attacks and conventional military strikes while allowing customers to seamlessly connect new energy sources or batteries into the grid.  Each customer is now an active participant in the energy sector ecosystem, producing energy from their onsite resources, consuming energy in their largely electrified home, business or electric vehicle, and supporting grid reliability by offering behind the meter storage resources. Using advanced artificial intelligence (Grid AI), the grid can now effortlessly conduct the symphony of grid resources sending signals to local energy management software controlling the production, storage and consumption of energy in a manner designed to maximize efficiencies at all steps of energy production and use.  It will also function as a monetized platform, matching energy producers, consumers and storers of all sizes into highly efficient market driven relationships.
Theo's additional comments:
While technological breakthroughs in storage capacity and continued lowering of costs for renewable energy production will help it garner a far greater percentage the energy market than it has today, a growing global population and increasing demand for energy will challenge efforts to convert completely to renewable energy.  If extreme weather events continue along with warming trends and a correlation to green house gases, the Republican Party will be forced to change its current energy policy posture and forge an alliance with the nuclear energy industry.   The next generation nuclear and fusion technologies that create less radioactive waste and help to lower the costs of energy production could bring about a reemergence in nuclear energy as carbon neutral means of producing huge quantities of energy to power a growing population demanding increasing quantities of electricity.  The natural gas that will be the fast growing stop gap source of energy over the next five years will be surpassed by nuclear over the next 20, as the fastest growing source of domestic energy.  Domestic usage of Natural Gas will level off and then gradually decline along with oil and coal; however, domestically extracted natural gas be an increasingly valuable export product sold to a developed world that will have largely moved past coal and continue reducing its dependence on oil.  

Monday, November 12, 2018

The Energy Sector of 2023


 The Energy Sector of 2023
Jessie Lai, Thuy Phi Le, Megan Lorenzen, Geof Cleveland, Theo Johnson

     The next five years will be an exciting time in the energy sector.  Based on our review of the California Clean Energy Fund (CalCEF) and other Venture Capital funds investing in the energy sector, investors see the potential to radically disrupt the traditional energy sector and utility business model through the integration of technologies that change every aspects of energy production and consumption. The CalCEF fund in particular, is investing in companies that are developing alternative energy sources, optimizing energy storage, challenging the relationship between energy producer and consumer with smart grid capabilities, and integrating artificial intelligence and other smart software technologies. Given this investment trend in sneaky business models, over the next five years we expect to see early adopters of these technologies begin to disrupt the traditional single dimensional relationship with a utility, shifting towards a bidirectional relationship allowing greater value creation and value capture for customers.

     Coal, crude oil, and natural gas have been the dominant fuels used in energy production for decades. Technological advancements in alternative energy resources are creating new affordable supply, primarily from wind and solar. Exhibit A shows how renewable energy, solar energy in particular, is taking up a greater share of new US electric capacity. We can see this trend reflected in CalCEF’s portfolio from their investment in MMCI and Sunvapor, companies whose technologies aim is to turn solar energy into electricity in more efficient and productive processes than current fossil fuel systems can achieve. Renewable energy business models have always had the advantage of zero cost fuel. After all, wind and sunshine is free. As a result, wind and solar developers have the potential to out compete traditional fossil fuel facilities in the wholesale market because their marginal cost of production is almost zero. Although this competitive advantage is immense, it comes at the expense of a factor that can’t be controlled: the weather. CalCEF’s continued investment in renewable technology, despite the uncertainty of production suggests that they expect the market will adjust to accommodate increasing levels of variable generation. In fact, much of CalCEF’s portfolio is aimed at capitalizing on new technologies to improve efficiencies and further decrease the cost per watt of renewables, ultimately increasing the financial viability and penetration of renewables (Exhibit B). With any disruptive technology, initial implementation isn’t without it’s challenges. Recognizing the issue of variable generation remains, it’s no wonder that CalCEF is also investing heavily in storage.

       With increased penetration of renewables like wind and solar, the grid is being forced to accommodate variable production. While renewables were a small component of the grid, variable generation was not an insurmountable challenge. In five years, penetration will be 50+% in many areas of the country. In anticipation of this transition, CalCEF, and other energy sector VCs are investing in the development of faster, smarter and cheaper methods of energy storage. Saratoga Energy Research Partners, LLC., in particular, is developing an inexpensive process to produce synthesized graphite from carbon dioxide. The graphite produced can be used for faster charging electric vehicles, grid storage, and other energy and industrial applications. Current storage costs are high, but much like the decrease in solar costs, technological advancements are helping storage costs drop rapidly. CalCEF’s investment in both renewable technology and storage, suggest that we can expect to see significant increases in both renewable energy and storage penetration throughout the grid system in five years.

      Another benefit of many of the alternative energy technologies (storage, solar, etc…) is the ability to disrupt traditional energy generation and pivot towards distributed energy generation. As compared to the traditional fuel burning plants which are often centralized, alternative energy technologies like solar and storage can fit in places that would otherwise be underutilized (e.g. rooftops, carports). Moreover, the levelized cost of energy remains fairly flat between residential and utility scale installations (Exhibit C) allowing these small scale systems to compete for the same market as utility scale solar. In fact, an increasing number of individual consumers are now able to affordably and practically invest into their own private renewable energy generation, supplementing their reliance on utility companies. We already see solar arrays being set up on top of buildings and homes to fit the energy needs of that specific structure. These early adopters are the first sign that future power generation will be distributed across the grid in contrast to the traditional model of production being concentrated in a few large-scale suppliers. This transition is fostering an environment where consumers are becoming hybrid consumer-producers as they pull energy from the grid when their individual production is low and push energy onto the grid when their individual production is high. The business model of traditional utility companies is being forced to transform into a network model in response to this new, two way, relationship. Going forward, we expect utilities will be forced to increasingly adapt to balance many producers and consumers distributed across the grid.
For decades, the energy sector has largely boasted a straightforward, one-way relationship with energy providers and customers. A customer pays the utility each month based on the volume of energy they consume. In the next five years, we expect this relationship to change radically. Over the last decade or so, a few of the largest consumers were able to shift their load profiles to avoid peak rates and optimize energy costs (demand response programs). However, this was an incredible manual process (turning off machines to reduce energy consumption) with a high barrier to entry (a company needed to hire someone to track energy prices and respond to pricing signals). With the emergence of the energy management services we are seeing in CalCEF’s portfolio, energy management is no longer just about optimizing costs of consumption, now it’s about being an active participant in the energy market - as a producer and a consumer. With the introduction of on-site renewables, storage and electric vehicle charging, large consumers now need to answer the questions of “Do we store our generation?”, “Do we consume from the grid?” or “Do we push power generated back onto the grid?”. The relationship between consumers and the utility is becoming a complex, two-way relationship with companies like Correlate and Enerdapt entering the space to provide energy management services. Leveraging AI and machine learning, Correlate and Enerdapt are able to provide a much-needed service to customers, customizing their energy management strategy to optimize energy costs and opportunities. Integration still is not seamless, and with any disruptive there is opportunity to improve predictive technologies. Nevertheless, many early adopters with large energy profiles are finding value in these robust energy management services. No longer does the majority of the value capture of the energy sector sit with the utility. Consumers are able to capture a larger share of the value, with energy management companies like Correlate and Enerdapt capturing a sliver of that shifting value.

        To accommodate these rapid and dynamic changes to the grid, the next five years will also be filled with rapid grid modernization. CalCEF is investing in startups who are specializing in integration of the advanced energy economy - electric vehicles, stationary storage, distributed energy resources - to the grid. By developing technology that helps monitor and predict grid integration, companies like MOEV will help the grid become smarter and more versatile. Advancements in grid modernization, incorporating AI and predictive analytics, will further enable consumers to develop a customized, two-way, relationship with their utility, producing, storing and consuming like never before. This increased control and customization will allow consumers to capture a larger portion of the value generated.

       The technologies for an energy revolution have largely been developed, the challenge for the next five years is to develop effective business models that will provide for their wide scale adoption and integration within the context of an industry with large and powerful established corporations that have dominated the business for over a hundred years with a range of competitive advantages that have historically thwarted large-scale industry transformation.  The energy sector will experience substantial disruption over the next five years as new energy businesses entice adoption by offering lower costs and the opportunities to generate new revenues to people and companies that were once simple energy consumers.   There will be an increasing number of ways to produce energy and it should be expected that inventive and creative people find ways to offer a longer tail of energy sources while allowing energy consumers to choose which sources their energy comes from.  Expect ongoing experimentation in the private sector and at the municipal level by early adopters who will help test and prove the best ideas so that they are ready to be scaled up to meet the needs of evolving state and federal energy policies over the coming decades.


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Theo's notes:

While green-technologies will continue to increase their share of production, in the near term, the abundance of natural gas in combination with new means of accessing it in conjunction with relative cleanliness of burning it compared to coal or fossil fuels will cause Natural Gas to be fastest growing source of energy production over the next five years.  As frustrations with Russia, Iran and Qatar continue, the USA will have an opportunity to significantly increase their exports of Natural Gas.  Doing so will require investment in export ports and other related infrastructure.  

If population growth and economic development trends continue and concerns over global warming persist, the massive amounts of energy required are going to cause nuclear energy to get a second look.   I would anticipate that in the next five year, next generation nuclear energy products gain viability will begin to surface in the energy market.  

Neither Natural Gas or Nuclear Energy were discussed in this paper because the investment fund we were exploring, CalCEF, did not have investment in companies focused on these energy sources.  In my opinion, CalCEF is risky place to put money as it tends to invest in technologies and ideas as opposed to companies with clear profit driven business models. 

Friday, September 28, 2018

If I could teach one thing about leadership, it is the willingness to face the unknown with courage.


MGMT 3000 (Pideret and Patterson)
Personal Best Leadership Experience

    In Spring of 2012, while working for a Real Estate firm focused on providing supported educational materials on how to renegotiate loans due to hardship, I enrolled in an open University Masters Seminar on Warfare and Homeland Security at San Diego State University.  The course would provide an outstanding background on the evolution of American Warfare and Homeland Security through a detailed critical review of the strategies, operations and tactics that either worked or lead to trouble. While there were a few other colleagues with background in Political Science, many of my colleagues were seasoned veterans having already served several tours of duty in Iraq and Afghanistan.  It could have been very easy to be intimidated, withdrawal from classes and wait for a Political Science class with space. Thankfully, I had recently read The Leader Who Had No Title by Robin Sharma, and knew that just because I did not have military rank did not mean I could not contribute in a valuable way to the seminar and program.  I knew I had to gain information by reading thoroughly, listening carefully and taking the time to contribute meaningfully. Our mission was very simple: to preserve human life by preventing terrorism.  This first homeland Security class at San Diego State University would launch me on a scholarly journey unlike any I ever thought I would embark. I knew that I was not the polished tactician or even operations expert that many of my colleagues were.  I had no authorizations to act beyond what I could do as a citizen: researching, observing and sharing information. So how could I help? I was but a scholar armed with a pen. I had no title, but I had a laptop computer and access to Google’s blogger.  And so, I would research and I would write. From January 2012- December 2014 I found a voice with which I could lead. The middle class was under siege domestically while western values were at war abroad. I intended to fight with the weapons I had on both fronts.  While it is only half of the leadership story, for this project I will focus on the Master of Science in Homeland Security and the blog I created throughout the process of obtaining my degree.

     I guess in a way, I would have to give credit to my wife.  As they say, behind every great man is a great woman. I was discouraged by my experiences since graduating from University of California, Santa Barbara and so going back to school was not on the top of my agenda, but she encouraged me to enroll and give it a try by taking one course.  Getting through the first course, I rediscovered my love of not only military history, but also of writing. By the end of my second course, I felt ready to begin sharing more of work so I started a blog called Citizen’s Empire: Governance, Security and Strategy Considerations for the Polity.  While the idea was my own and work original, it would not have been possible without the reading and instruction provided my professors and instructors from San Diego State’s University’s Homeland Security Department, particularly Dr. Eric Frost and Dr. Jeff Mcilwain, but also Dr. Turner, General Keneally, Michael Wheat, JD.   Over the course of the next two years I would publish 112 essays and reach 41,684 readers while earning a Master of Science in Homeland Security. At the culmination, I authored a Grand Strategy to Defeat the Islamic State.
     After reading the Leader Who Had No Title, I was able to get over the fact that I did not have a formal title of authority.  I learned that I did not need one. In fact, not having one left me unburdened and the freedom to take chances that had I had a more formal title, I may not have been able to take.  I knew what I believed in, and told my readers in “True Liberalism” that my philosophy of government rested upon John Stuart Mill, John Locke and Adam Smith, clearly rejecting socialism.  I also reached out openly about my faith in an open letter to the Anglican Community about the resurgent threat of global socialism. I grew up in an exceptional country, with a very comfortable standard of living, between the threats of terrorism, the great recession and resulting loss of faith in both Capitalism and open liberal internationalizing democracy, I became increasingly aware that we were on the verge of losing our nation to the dueling forces of International Socialism and Shar’ian Supremacy.  

      The vision of our founding fathers and the philosophers who influenced them, in combination with my faith and what I would regard as spiritual guidance provided by the words and recorded actions of Winston Churchill and Ronald Reagan inspired me to give every ounce of my fiber and existence to making sure that West would prevail in conflict and preserve the individual liberties essential to our nation’s wealth.  I observed that after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the field of Political Science divided into two camps. On the right, the Neoconservatives had rose to power and in my opinion were cursed with a grandiose optimism in US’s ability to use its military to force democratic transitions, open economies and modernize societies. On the left, without the military threat from the Soviet Union, marxists were able to enter into the mainstream and push Marxist critiques of America’s economic system by rebranding their positions as progressive, pushing to bring an end to US sovereignty by empowering transnational institutions such as the United Nations and World Trade Organization which would gradually erode both property and individual rights so that they could redistribute America’s middle class wealth.   I felt that both were wrong and explored ways to challenge the Status Quo that divided the American people into two distinct camps. I sought to find basic beliefs and principles rooted in British and American history that Democrats and Republicans, Liberals and Conservatives, Catholics and Protestants, Muslims and Jews, Whites and Blacks, Natural Born and Immigrants would agree were worth fighting for and defending. I thought national politics had become too distracted, that we had to reset our Federal Government’s priorities to the wealth and physical safety of our citizenry. If the US government regained its focus on these basic responsibilities, employing less complicated policies that tap into the ingenuity of the people when provided autonomy, that our nation would become wealthier and our homeland more secure.  

      In a hazardous and decaying international environment where great power conflict was returning as China and Russia pushed hard, I felt a return to principled realism that reasserted US Sovereignty, prioritizing our nation and its Citizens’ rational self-interest was the only way to preserve our nation’s greatness and improve its stature in the world as a model for the rest of the world.  I realized these things because I did the research and took the time to listen to a very wide range of voices and scholars. In the end, for me, the Hoover Institute prevailed. The approach and policies were balanced and feasible, when tested in implementation successful and effectuating the outcomes that improved the lives of Middle Class Americans.

Asking my wife, what leadership trait she admired most in me, and she said it was the fact I spent so much time getting complete information, devouring books and coming away with better answers and solutions.  So I did this, and used the blog to reach a larger audience and influence the polity. Advocacy, maybe, but I always trusted in the process of liberalism spelled out by John Stuart Mill that through a free social discourse and vigorous national dialogue, the best ideas would percolate to the top.  By publishing my blog, I assisted this process and some of my written works went before National Security Council Consultants who would be influential in forming our strategy to defeat the Islamic State.

           I knew to gain support for my ideas, I had to get people’s attention.  I tried using the latest in online marketing techniques and without a budget was able to use my understanding of Search Engine Optimization and Social Media to get my work in front of more people.  I attempted to gain greater support for my ideas from people who may not typically be as engaged in such issues by producing musical works that touched on some of the underlying themes with lyrics celebrating American more and values, our economic system and military.  It was all a huge risk. I was scared to publish at times, I did not know what shadow government figures I would offend or what they would do to me. I worried I would be tortured or assassinated by foreign intelligence agencies, cartels or terrorist groups. Sometimes I worried I would be tortured or assassinated by one of our own.  With my music, it was such a break from the typical behavior of either corporate America or the Intelligence Community, I basically knew it would be viewed with scepticism but I embraced being an outsider and looked for support from unconventional places because my goal was not to be acceptance by the establishment, but the transformation of the establishment away from a self-serving elite and into a robust and resilient core of citizens committed to the mores and values underpinning our national greatness.  Honestly, I was scared at the beginning when I started writing my blog. I came out on my second blog post forecasting a future war between USA and China so it is understandable that I was somewhat paranoid, particularly as I learned more about the Chinese government's surveillance capabilities and operations within the US homeland to protect the image of the Chinese Communist party. I also understood; however, that if I could not write what I wanted to write than freedom was already lost and so found a rush in using the written word to fight for liberty’s advance.  In this there was an excitement, a rush to see how many people would read my post and question what influence it would have on the world.

      The truth is that as I approached the end of my project I was hopeful that I would be able to either join the Military, the State Department or Homeland Security to work towards the execution of my strategy.  I passed my battery tests but could not get the medical clearance for the army. I did well enough on my foreign service officers test but did not pass the second round as they did not think I had adequate professional experience.  I filled out applications for numerous positions in homeland security, including press and public relations positions, but never was called in for any interviews. After interfacing and working with so many high-level individuals from so many different departments and agencies from across the public sector to private sector, federal government to local government, I was really anticipating that I would work professionally in the field as my recognition as a credentialed expert increased.  Maybe I gave in to early, but as I graduated I needed to get a job and make money. I continued posting on my blog and started recording a podcast but could never get the funding and support I needed to make the leap into a professional position. I hoped to be a leader, and while the idea of being a Leader without a Title gave me the courage to push on and accomplish more than I ever thought possible, I feel that as of now I only really succeeded in being an influencer.

Recognizing these shortfalls and limitations is one of the main reasons I was attracted towards pursuing an MBA at Santa Clara University.  I had taken Public Administration classes but felt they were stuck in the defense of bloated and sluggish bureaucracy, and that Ronald Reagan’s approach as Governor of California in which he enlisted the best business leaders to improve and streamline operations was the surest course to make the improvements to our governance I wanted to participate in.  With strong foreign policy and domestic policy credentials furnished, I wanted to spend a decade or so thriving in business so that I would have my own money and not be dependent on other people’s and also so that I could gain the executive administrative experience to be a capable leader. I am here to learn and so while my first masters was finished over three years ago, with a ceremony and speech on the USS Midway about the importance of bringing the lessons of the past into our future, I am still building on the foundation in place.  While it has been sometime since I published my blog, or recorded a podcast as my focus shifted towards succeeding in my employment and applying for the MBA program, I am hopeful that in time I will return to both my blog and podcast as a forum to share my ideas, influence and be a thought-leader. I may even yet be able to monetize them successfully. As far as slogans, I had a few. There was my blog: Citizen’s Empire: Governance, Security and Strategy Considerations for the Polity. There was my podcast: Inside Line: Your Choice for Insightful Intelligence.  In music I first released, “Truth was the First Victim,” then “The Rise of Theo: One Man, One Life, One Voice” and “King Theo: One Crown, One Throne, One King”  While they may not have had the financial success I hoped for, I find that they do make me a interesting person and valuable team member. It took a lot of energy to create these, but in those moment that I am looking for inspiration I find great satisfaction in being able to return to them.  They remind me simultaneously of both where I came from and where I am trying to go. The work involved the collaboration of so many people, largely scholars and artists, but also technological developers making the tools to produce and share them. While the team maybe somewhat small, the work lays the groundwork for collaboration on a much larger scale.  

      I would like to say that there was some amazing teamwork involved in these projects but it would be a lie.  I spent hours in solitude collaborating with people that have long since past away or people I have never met teaching at campuses on the other side of the country.  It was long hours of deep focus in the library that allowed me to formulate my works. There was scholarly dialectic; however, that often transcended time and space, I would have a thought and open a book to see George Orwell asking a question about my very thought.  I find myself questioning an aspect of US strategy and suddenly see a book title on the shelf calling me forth. In truth, the best collaboration I had was in the marketing of the mission, in the time spent in the studio working my music producer on songs like “The Eighth Wonder”, “Pyramid’s Eye,” “Now and Forever,” and “The Big Bang.”  The group research projects, also provided outstanding opportunities for collaboration. Working on developing an “International Crime Information Database” and on developing a multi-agency Emergency Management response to floods were awesome opportunities to collaborate.
      
          The time spent with professors was always very valuable, even as I had a strong-minded sense of where I was going and what I was doing. At times I feel my decisions were somewhat limited by a lack of resources, time and formal authority. I dreamed about leading a policy decision making team to tackle problems and come back with solutions.  I had to make due with the established think tanks, occasionally corresponding by email or by asking questions at the end of a presentation. The respect was always there but at times I wish I was capable of greater levels of trust. Having been burned so many times in the past I tend to recognize that the only two people I can really trust are God and myself.  Maybe this limits me, or maybe it is the only reason I am still here.

        One thing that I can tell you, my colleagues at SDSU who went through the Homeland Security program earned my respect.  They were put through challenges that bring shame to us civilians’ easy existence. Whether it was night raids in AfPak where they successfully captured Taliban leaders or trying to build a police force in Mosul in the midst of an active Al-Qaeda led insurgency, such tasks can only be completed by the truly brave and great men and women serving in the armed forces.  Sadly, political leadership let them down time and time again with poor decisions and policies that may sound great in the diplomatic halls of European Capitals, but whose implementation was unrealistic in hostile war zones where the ideology of religious fanatics who celebrate suicide bombers massacring girls in schools and families eating ice cream as martyrdom were actively planning their next assault on the infidels desecrating their holy lands.  While there were disagreements with my colleagues over the details of strategy, operations and what technologies and tactics to use, we had respectful discourse and orderly debates that made both sides of the argument better informed and prepared for whatever would come next.
  
           One thing I would like to see more of is a greater collaboration between the civilian population and our National Security Establishment, especially across party lines and disciplinary fields.  It is hard to win wars when most of the civilian population is under-informed and disengaged. In Churchill’s England going up against Nazi Germany or Reagan’s America taking on the Evil Empire in the Soviet Union, there was internal opposition, but there was not the wide scale disengagement with the war or the institutions involved in its oversight and execution that we have seen as the “War on Terror” has changed names and shifted continents, continuing to drag on with open ended engagement and no end in sight.

       Over time, I was able to win over the respect of my colleagues by being prepared for the course work, studying beyond the required readings and bringing a passion to the subject matter that I can hope even the more experienced practitioners respected. I tried to model a mix of grit and caution that would help us win the fights we needed to fight and avoid involving ourselves in problems that were not ours to solve.  I was sincere in exhibiting a commitment to truth intended to exemplify trustworthiness. My commitment to using data-science and rigorous scholarly review of policies and operations for their effectiveness exemplified a level of competence. I hope I did an effective job in portraying my beliefs about what made America exceptional in a way that was inspiring. Finally, I was and continue to be forward looking, anticipating problems and planning to resolve them before they become problems in the territorial United States of America.

       For us, it was a commitment to nation and the defense of her people and institutions from threats internal and abroad that drove me.  In reflection, I always had a deep regret about the mistakes of my early twenties and sought to redeem with acts of heroism. I always felt the first amendment was first for a reason, and so thought using it to inform and encourage social discourse about grave matters of national security was an appropriate modeling of responsible citizenship.  I remained committed to the preservation of America, as an idea, a system, a nation and a model whose exceptionalism rested on its bold experiment in representative democracy, free-enterprise and a constitutional framework designed to balance powers and preserve individual liberty.

      There is not much need for controls in the blog, but in implementing its ideas, in getting the many agencies composing the Homeland Security Department along with numerous law enforcement and defense commands working together requires a vastly complex system of command and control.  It requires a rule of law and recognition that the constitution is the supreme law of the land and the elected executive provided sweeping powers to defense the nation, its constitution and the people from existential threats. Hand-held devices and software driven reporting mechanisms with more advanced means of routing that information present opportunities to more effectively secure the homeland by utilizing the latest computing and information technologies. I did some preliminary research and work towards developing an integrated database, routing system, hardware and both online operating system and also agency operating system that made it to CEO of Qualcomm.  While I have read the US Arm’s manual on command and Control, and certainly appreciate the importance of control as a facet of executive administration, it is an area I am looking to learn more about and gain more experience using as career progression puts me in positions where I have the authority to implement control systems and methodology. At the time of leadership being reviewed; however, there was not much control on my part beyond being sure I did my reading and proofread my essays.  I was all command and somewhat whimsical when it came to control, a matter I was aware of and studying to improve for the event I was put in an official position of executive authority.
   
         As far as dramatic or unusual actions, I used a mix of black hat marketing tactics where I would include lists of trending searches in the body of my blog to garner more readers.  I also used my music to appeal to a broader audience. In a theoretical public administration masters course we even explored the artist as leader model and it fit for the time, but in so reviewing it I also came to the conclusion that it was inadequate.  With so many contemporary British historians studying the administration of kings more than their battlefield successes I was increasingly becoming a structural realist, flipping through different frames to identify places for improvement within the portion of the organization being reviewed.

       As far as getting sidetracked, let’s be honest.  In the parable of the fox and the hedgehog I am most certainly the fox.  I have a long list of projects I dream of pursuing and while I can at least say I completed two feature length studio albums of original music and a screenplay, “William the Conqueror,” there are many other incomplete projects with general outlines and early chapters that are unlikely to be completed until after my retirement.  I always get sidetracked, regularly chasing random intellectual inquiries and experiment with new methodologies and tactics.  I also, have to work with an intense amount focus and put in long hours in my job as a salesman to stay ahead financially. I changed my thesis project three or four times before finally settling on a project as opposed to a thesis dissertation.  I have become more disciplined over time and with experience, learned to prioritize the projects most likely to bring about outcomes or results that will benefit myself and my family with early experimentation providing foundation of experience to learn from.

       In the end, my blog became a means of holding leaders accountable that I had lost faith in.  In the context of my blog, I did not find it appropriate to lash out at people with different values, rather more constructive to showcase the values I thought were appropriate.  I would never simply criticize. I would instead create separation by specifying what I would do differently, avoiding pejoratives and witty insults.

     I felt that graduation was an important milestone.  We had our ceremony on the USS Midway’s flight deck.  It is such a beautiful ship and it was awesome to celebrate the hard work of all my colleagues.  My parents, my wife and the producer I was working with on my musical albums all attended. I posted photos on social media.  The grades helped, but more than anything I was driven by a sense of responsibility and service. I had hoped that my work would lead to a career more directly related to my research, even if it was doing more research, unfortunately I found myself back working in sales.  The sales position was much better as it was in property management for Irvine Company and do think that the degree and knowledge base made me more qualified and valuable candidate as I had the emergency management training and my academic background in international relations helped me to understand and connect with a broadly international client base and be prepared to address more serious security risks should they arise.  

    In reflecting on this experience for this project, I asked my wife what she felt were best traits for leadership.  For her, there was not much hesitation in answering that I am a “‘relentless seeker of knowledge that you eagerly apply.”  I am careful to be sure I had the right answer, especially on matters relating to National Security. I use history as a data-set to see what policies worked when faced with similar situations.  As far as leadership actions taken they are:

Seeking out and listening to the best professors in the field.  Why listen to the press when you can read the works or hear the lectures of the best professors in the field.

Tirelessly researching to make sure I had the best answer.  Why would you take the word of only one source of information at a time when you can access so many polished expert opinions and weigh them against each other.

Understanding the problem
Terrorism is an obvious problem but its causes are remarkably complex. It is important to understand the ideologies that drive terrorism, the context under which they took root and what factors cause people to join terrorist groups and engage in terrorism.  You can understand a lot about radical Islamic terrorism by studying anarchist violence, Marxist insurgency and anti-colonial nationalist movements but you also come to realize the differences. You come to realize that it is not a simple matter of mental health as someone would like to make it, or a matter of wealth inequality.  

Islam is a totalitarian ideology with its own prescribed structures, holy books and doctrines.  Much of what drives Islamic Terrorism comes directly from the Qu’aran and words of Mohammed, the history of the Caliphate and published fatwas by formal clerics.  If you want to advance moderate voices in Islam, you have to understand Islam and come to grips with the reality that as an ideology drawn literally from the scripture and the traditional interpretations presented by its Clerics, it is not very compatible with liberal western democracy as it prescribes those who have submitted to God, the Umma, an eternal war with the non-believers proscribing terror as a method to coerce their submission and correct their path.  Unlike the Bible and Chirstianity, the Qu’aran and Islam are totalitarian in that they not only cover matters of personal faith and the development of a religion in opposition to the Roman Empire as in the Bible, rather instead define proper behavior in nearly all aspects of life, including the structure and form of an Islamic governance. Al-Qaeda and the Islamic State are clearly defined groups with clear chains of command and a common vision for the future rooted in the restoration of a Umayyad-style Caliphate.  
They have vast disagreements; however, on strategy, operations and tactics often competing to recruit eager Mujahideen and Jihadists from Indonesia to Mali, every in between and from every continent other than Antartica. Al-Qaeda sought to gradually raise the water slowly but surely by setting up clandestine cells, subtly implementing Sharia law while occasionally emboldening uprisings with meticulously thought out and planned, spectacular and symbolic mass casualty attacks on the centers of Infidel power, ie. the USS Cole, the World Trade Center and the Pentagon- always presenting itself as a Pan-Muslim movement recruiting across sectorial lines despites its founding members adherence to Salafi Sunni religious doctrine.  The Islamic State on the other hand grew out of Zawahiri’s Al-Qaeda in Iraq, an Al-Qaeda offshoot at odds with Al-Qaeda leadership for its willingness to attack Shi’ite Muslims and efforts to provoke sectarian conflict intended to catch Western actors rebuilding Iraq in the crossfire. AQI hoped that sectarian conflict and civil war in Iraq would force international actors to leave the country to their control as kill counts and body counts weakened the resolve of democracies with free press publicizing the horrors. When drone strikes forced succession to Zawahiri’s deputy, Abu Bakr Al-Baghdadi, he rebranded Al-Qaeda in Iraq as The Islamic State, breaking entirely from Al-Qaeda’s chain of command. He built upon Zawahiri’s tactical successes fermenting a terrorist firebrand that operated out in the open meticulously employing wanton violence while vigorously taking control of territory and revenue streams to fund its expansion, recruit jihadists and market its terror.  While Al-Qaeda preferred the closed doors and back rooms of Mosques lead by duplicit clerics, hiding their operations within seemingly legitimate campus organizations and non-profit charities it uses to recruit and exert influence, the Islamic State lived on twitter and Youtube, embracing anyone willing to declare allegiance and engage in violence sufficient to create a headline.  The core of both survive where state institutions have broken down and the toxic mix of anarchy and hopelessness make their alternative of Sharian Order and visions of an afterlife appealing to the down and out, neglected and angry youths. 
In the backdrop of US departure from Iraq, the Arab spring, armed rebellion in Syria and Libya and dissatisfaction in the Sunni Dominated Anbar Province of Iraq where Al-Qaeda in Iraq made an alliance with Saddam’s former Ba’athist government officials barred from state employment to forge a challenge to the heavy-handed tyranny of the Shi’ite lead Iraqi government. The mix of religious fanaticism provided by Al-Qaeda in Iraq and governing experience provided by the former Ba’athist technocrats provided for a vicious competence that presented a threat to the world unlike any we had seen since the collapse of the Soviet Union.  The Sunni population in Anbar Province put up little fight as ISIL quickly took control of the regions municipalities, garnering recruits by a combination of fierce violence and relatively generous offers of compensation. They had similar successes in the areas of Syria where Sunni Arabs were an aggrieved majority.

Strategizing on a solution
My best work was on the formulation of a grand strategy to combat Abu Bakr Al-Baghdadi’s terrorist organization commonly known as the Islamic State and Abu Bakr’s self-declared Caliphate.  I am not going to detail this work here, you can read it for yourself (On the Origin of the Islamic State and US Foreign Policy in the Middle East), but in its creation I listened to people who had been deployed to the middle east from all of the armed forces of our government.  I listened to the most experienced policy makers and also colleagues with high IQs and little experience. I listened to people at all levels of our military, from Generals to Petty Officers. I also listened to people from the countries where these events were happening to get an understanding of the context and perception of what is happening and what needs to be done.  I read a plethora of sources and eventually returned to the Use of Force originally provided to me at UCSB for a National Security course.  I reviewed the militaries own reviews of its operations in the past two invasions of Iraq and set out to develop an actionable strategy.   It took long hours of intense study in a landscape where the situation on the ground was shifting rapidly.

Delineate Recommendations
In the end I produced a document that delineated a number of recommendations that both dealt with more immediate needs to eliminate eminent existential threats and also addressed long-term strategic needs to win the war of ideas and push the region forward in a way that was both cooperative to the current world order and would improve standards of living for the people of the region.

Publish and Share Your Work
After turning my work in I was not sure if I should publish my work.  I did not want to telegraph national security maneuvers to an enemy known for increasingly making use of the internet to read national security policy papers in the formation of their countering strategies or for purposes of recruitment in propaganda.  I redacted some portions, but since it was not an official declaration of US policy rather recommendations I thought it would be of higher value to publish it in an effort to influence discourse and also of course, hopefully increase my visibility and credibility in the field.   

   This process could best be described in the words of George Patton as “no ordinary ordeal.”  Onerous, exhaustive and terrifying are words that come to mind. In retrospect, horrific, may be another. Atrocity and human catastrophe are others. When I stepped into that leadership role; however, I felt poised and determined to defeat the enemy while defending the good things I saw in our country, its people and the way of life it extended to the free world.  I wanted to do this in a way that limited any reductions in liberty for the American Citizenry and Permanent Residents, remaining true to our constitution, the laws passed by the legislature and rulings of our courts. The strength of our values were what ultimately would allow us to win, especially when juxtaposed to such a diabolical foe whose culture revolved around the celebration of death and human repression.   Maybe it was the wisdom instilled from The Leader Who Had No Title, but when it was happening I was confident that I was the right person, in the right place to prepare our strategy and in so doing honorably serve our Nation even if I never was able to suit up and serve in the armed forces.  To a professor in the CIA, whom I clashed with throughout the semester, I turned in my document knowing he would soon be in a DC meeting with the National Security Council. Based on the grade, I know he appreciated the work I did on that paper.  I felt a sense of accomplishment. It felt right standing up to such darkness and standing up for our nation and its people. From the experience I learned how difficult leadership can be. I learned that leadership takes many different forms and you do not need to have a formal title to lead and exert massive amounts of influence that result in a positive impact.

    If I could teach one thing about leadership, it is the willingness to face the unknown with courage. You have to let go of ideals and choose the better realistically achievable outcome with the resources available.  You then have to work to leverage and make best use of those resources in achieving the outcome you sought. For me, finding principles and values rooted in a clear set of philosophers, documents and historical narratives gave the conviction and purpose to continue on in very difficult times.  Scarcity forced innovation and the spartan nature of my existence at the time provided the discipline to put in the time to produce better work. As new leaders step up to work on many of these same problems now and in the future, I hope my works provide them institutional knowledge and frameworks for strategy and understanding that they can build upon.  I just found out one of my collaborators from the air force who developed air strategy will be teaching at West Point. I can hope that maybe someday my paper will be required reading for our future officers and that with their polished intellect they will improve upon and preserve this beautiful country and all it represents into perpetuity.

    For this project, it was really about commitment to patiently conducting the research and putting in the intellectual energy to find solutions.

If I were to be providing quotes for book on leadership, I would go with the following mantra.  
“Honest as FDR, Competent as General Eisenhower, Tough as George Patton, Certain as Winston Churchill and Decisive as Harry Truman.”

  If I could have done one thing differently, I would have sought contributions to my blog by more of my colleagues and set up teams to review and develop policy solutions for specific components of our national security strategy in a way that mirrors the structure and function of the National Security Council with an eye for ways we can refine the structure to improve its functional capacity to develop security policies for scaled up implementation.